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In this study in which sodium intake was estimated on the basis of measured urinary excretion, an estimated sodium intake between 3 g per day and 6 g per day was associated with a lower risk of death and cardiovascular events than...
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In this study in which sodium intake was estimated on the basis of measured urinary excretion, an estimated sodium intake between 3 g per day and 6 g per day was associated with a lower risk of death and cardiovascular events than was either a higher or lower estimated level of intake. As compared with an estimated potassium excretion that was less than 1.50 g per day, higher potassium excretion was associated with a lower risk of death and cardiovascular events. (Funded by the Population Health Research Institute and others.).
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In this study, the association of estimated intake of sodium and potassium, as determined from measurements of excretion of these cations, with blood pressure was nonlinear and was most pronounced in persons consuming high-sodium ...
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In this study, the association of estimated intake of sodium and potassium, as determined from measurements of excretion of these cations, with blood pressure was nonlinear and was most pronounced in persons consuming high-sodium diets, persons with hypertension, and older persons. (Funded by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario and others.).
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Introduction: 24 hours traditional urine collection method is cumbersome and tedious process with less patient compliance. Our study proposes a novel fractional urine collection method for protein estimation that would entail coll...
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Introduction: 24 hours traditional urine collection method is cumbersome and tedious process with less patient compliance. Our study proposes a novel fractional urine collection method for protein estimation that would entail collection of small volumes of urine each time patient voids Over 24h Period. Our aim was to compare urine protein in proposed method versus traditional 24hour sampling method. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, prospective study was a collaborative work between Departments of Nephrology and Biochemistry in our tertiary care hospital. Volunteers (48) and Chronic Kidney disease subjects (52) were recruited. Out of which, 76 subjects were selected. Novel method was compared with conventional method in each of these groups, before and after centrifugation and with and without preservative. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman analysis was used to evaluate for agreement between the two methods. Results: All the values were combined without categorization into subgroups. Fractional urine collection method (before centrifugation) without preservative (F1) and with preservative (F2) was compared to conventional method, ICC was 0.93 (C.I, 0.9 to 0.95) and 0.96 (C.I, 0.94 to 0.97) respectively. After centrifugation, fractional urine collection method for F1and F2 versus conventional method, ICC was 0.95 (C.I, 0.92 to 0.97) and 0.91 (C.I, 0.86 to 0.94) respectively. Conclusions: The novel collection method is comparable and reliable as traditional 24-hour method. The use of thymol as preservative leads to negative interference and centrifugation is mandatory before urine analysis. With proper sampling, urine protein by novel method has a good agreement with the conventional technique.
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Creatinine clearance is a test used to assess renal function(glomerular filtration rate-GFR)) and also for staging chronic kidney disease (CKD) . Urine creatinine estimation requires collection of 24h urine which is a cumbersome a...
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Creatinine clearance is a test used to assess renal function(glomerular filtration rate-GFR)) and also for staging chronic kidney disease (CKD) . Urine creatinine estimation requires collection of 24h urine which is a cumbersome and tedious process. Our study proposes a unique fractional urine collection method for urine creatinine estimation that would entail collection of small volumes of urine each time patient voids over 24h period and then compare this new method with conventional 24hour collection method.
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HIV infection is associated with lipid abnormalities in treatment naive patients. CD4 count is used for monitoring the HIV infection. Primary objective was to evaluate and correlate lipid profile and CD4 counts in HIV infection. S...
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HIV infection is associated with lipid abnormalities in treatment naive patients. CD4 count is used for monitoring the HIV infection. Primary objective was to evaluate and correlate lipid profile and CD4 counts in HIV infection. Secondary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using Lipid profile to monitor the HIV infected treatment naive patients instead of CD4 counts. 112 patients were selected based on a criteria from ART center in tertiary care center. CD4 counts were assessed and Lipid profile was evaluated enzymatically. A correlation study was done between the lipid profile and the CD4 count and clinical stages of infection. Cholesterol showed no significant correlation in any stage. HDL-C showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) with stage 2 and 4 disease. LDL-C showed no significant correlation in any stage. TGL showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) at stage 4 disease. Hence, HDL-C and TGL can be used as indicators of lipid status and for infection progression in treatment naive HIV patients, while Cholesterol and LDL-C has no role to play.
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Background: Phlebotomy or drawing of blood sample is one of the initial steps in processing of samples for various investigations of the patients in clinical laboratory. The sample for various investigation has to follow certain p...
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Background: Phlebotomy or drawing of blood sample is one of the initial steps in processing of samples for various investigations of the patients in clinical laboratory. The sample for various investigation has to follow certain protocol or order of blood draw into different vacutainers by phlebotomist or the clinical person drawing the blood to avoid errors in test results. Hence awareness of order of blood draw among them is very essential.Methods: It is a cross sectional and observational study. Based on CLSI H3-A6 (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines, a questionnaire consisting of 13 multiple choice questions was prepared after validation and distributed amongst the nurses, who were on duty during the study. The answers to the questionnaire were analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was done for all the data collected.Results: Total 120 nurses participated in this study in a tertiary care hospital.?Nurses who were able to identify Color of the vacutainer with respective to additives (90%),?correct order of draw (52%), volume of blood sample collected in vacutainer (62.9%), sample collected directly into vacutainer with vacuum suction (61.7%) was incomplete. Nurses also had wrong practices, where sample was transferred from one vacutainer to other (3.3%), collected the blood sample from the arm which had IV line (28%).Conclusions: In this study, it was found that awareness on the level of order of blood draw among nurses was found unsatisfactory. Frequent training and monitoring of work practices should be developed for nurses to reduce the errors in sample collection.
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Introduction:The kidneys remove creatinine, which is produced at a constant rate as a result ofmuscle metabolism,from the blood.Like insulin,creatinine is filtered, but neither reabsorbednor secreted by the kidneys. Thus, the crea...
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Introduction:The kidneys remove creatinine, which is produced at a constant rate as a result ofmuscle metabolism,from the blood.Like insulin,creatinine is filtered, but neither reabsorbednor secreted by the kidneys. Thus, the creatinine clearance test, which compares a patient's bloodand urine creatinine concentrations,can also be used to calculate the GFR. Therefore, a singlemeasurement of plasma creatinine levels provides a rough index of kidney function.Aims and Objective: To compare the creatinine clearance in 12- hour and 24- hour timed urinecollection in healthy volunteer.Materia and Methods: 50 Healthy volunteers are selected.25 volunteers were male and 25volunteers were female.Each volunteer was given 2 cans for urine collection.The first can isused for 12 hour collection study from 7am to 7 pm on day 1 and the second can for another 12hour collection from 7 pm to 7 am on day 2.The samples were mixed well and measured thevolume separately.Five ml of sample from the first can was transferred to the can 2 and againmixed well. The creatinine is measured by using modification of the jaffe reaction.Resu t: The person's correlation between 12-hour and 24- hour urine samples showed asignificant correlation in both males and females(r =0.8 and 0.6 respectively, p values <0.05)Conc usion: This is clinical acceptable and hence 12 hr urine collection can be adopted inpatients who are well hydrated and it can replace 24-hr urine collection.
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This retrospective study was conducted to assess the serum lipase / amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis for South Indian population attending the clinics of Gastroenterology and Emergency medicine in the last five years. One thous...
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This retrospective study was conducted to assess the serum lipase / amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis for South Indian population attending the clinics of Gastroenterology and Emergency medicine in the last five years. One thousand one hundred and thirty two patients (768 males and 364 females) with acute pancreatitis (AP) were selected for the study. The diagnosis ofAP was based on clinical evaluation, Computed Tomography (CT) findings and biochemical parameters such as serum lipase and amylase. Based on the etiology, the groups were divided into alcoholic, biliary and miscellaneous AP. Based on CT findings, groups were divided into mild, moderate and severe AP. Serum lipase, amylase and lipase / amylase ratio were calculated and statistically analyzed. Serum lipase levels in alcoholic group (3226.3 +- 1384.7) were significantly lower in comparison to biliary (6064.5 +- 1640.8) group though the levels were not significantly different from miscellaneous group (2132.3 + 1210). Serum amylase values were significantly lower in alcoholic group (923.4 +- 557.5) in comparison to biliary (1736.2 +- 390.7) and there was significant difference between alcoholic and miscellaneous group (535.8 +- 477.6). The serum lipase / amylase ratio > 4 occurred in alcoholic group than with biliary and miscellaneous group. The sensitivity and specificity to predict alcoholic AP with lipase / amylase ratio at>4.0 was 84 % and59 % respectively. In conclusion the serum lipase to amylase ratio greater than 3.0 could be used to differentiate but keeping the cut off at 4.0 would be of higher sensitivity without much change in specificity. The serum lipase to amylase ratio with a cut off of 3.0 or greater is not useful to differentiate the severe AP from milder AP. Hence, serum amylase and lipase are important for evaluation of pancreatitis though it is not a gold standard for the diagnosis or assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis.
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This retrospective study was conducted to assess the serum lipase / amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis for South Indian population attending the clinics of Gastroenterology and Emergency medicine in the last five years. One thous...
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This retrospective study was conducted to assess the serum lipase / amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis for South Indian population attending the clinics of Gastroenterology and Emergency medicine in the last five years. One thousand one hundred and thirty two patients (768 males and 364 females) with acute pancreatitis (AP) were selected for the study. The diagnosis ofAP was based on clinical evaluation, Computed Tomography (CT) findings and biochemical parameters such as serum lipase and amylase. Based on the etiology, the groups were divided into alcoholic, biliary and miscellaneous AP. Based on CT findings, groups were divided into mild, moderate and severe AP. Serum lipase, amylase and lipase / amylase ratio were calculated and statistically analyzed. Serum lipase levels in alcoholic group (3226.3 +- 1384.7) were significantly lower in comparison to biliary (6064.5 +- 1640.8) group though the levels were not significantly different from miscellaneous group (2132.3 + 1210). Serum amylase values were significantly lower in alcoholic group (923.4 +- 557.5) in comparison to biliary (1736.2 +- 390.7) and there was significant difference between alcoholic and miscellaneous group (535.8 +- 477.6). The serum lipase / amylase ratio > 4 occurred in alcoholic group than with biliary and miscellaneous group. The sensitivity and specificity to predict alcoholic AP with lipase / amylase ratio at>4.0 was 84 % and59 % respectively. In conclusion the serum lipase to amylase ratio greater than 3.0 could be used to differentiate but keeping the cut off at 4.0 would be of higher sensitivity without much change in specificity. The serum lipase to amylase ratio with a cut off of 3.0 or greater is not useful to differentiate the severe AP from milder AP. Hence, serum amylase and lipase are important for evaluation of pancreatitis though it is not a gold standard for the diagnosis or assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis.
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摘要 :
This retrospective study was conducted to assess the serum lipase / amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis for South Indian population attending the clinics of Gastroenterology and Emergency medicine in the last five years. One thous...
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This retrospective study was conducted to assess the serum lipase / amylase ratio in acute pancreatitis for South Indian population attending the clinics of Gastroenterology and Emergency medicine in the last five years. One thousand one hundred and thirty two patients (768 males and 364 females) with acute pancreatitis (AP) were selected for the study. The diagnosis of AP was based on clinical evaluation, Computed Tomography (CT) findings and biochemical parameters such as serum lipase and amylase. Based on the etiology, the groups were divided into alcoholic, biliary and miscellaneous AP. Based on CT findings, groups were divided into mild, moderate and severe AP. Serum lipase, amylase and lipase / amylase ratio were calculated and statistically analyzed. Serum lipase levels in alcoholic group (3226.3 ± 1384.7) were significantly lower in comparison to biliary (6064.5 ± 1640.8) group though the levels were not significantly different from miscellaneous group (2132.3 ± 1210). Serum amylase values were significantly lower in alcoholic group (923.4 ± 557.5) in comparison to biliary (1736.2 ± 390.7) and there was significant difference between alcoholic and miscellaneous group (535.8 ± 477.6). The serum lipase / amylase ratio > 4 occurred in alcoholic group than with biliary and miscellaneous group. The sensitivity and specificity to predict alcoholic AP with lipase / amylase ratio at >4.0 was 84 % and 59 % respectively. In conclusion the serum lipase to amylase ratio greater than 3.0 could be used to differentiate but keeping the cut off at 4.0 would be of higher sensitivity without much change in specificity. The serum lipase to amylase ratio with a cut off of 3.0 or greater is not useful to differentiate the severe AP from milder AP. Hence, serum amylase and lipase are important for evaluation of pancreatitis though it is not a gold standard for the diagnosis or assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis.
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